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Sustainable energy for developing countries : modelling transitions to renewable and clean energy in rapidly developing countries

(2009) Urban, Frauke

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The main objective of this thesis is first to adapt energy models for the use in developing countries and second to model sustainable energy transitions and their effects in rapidly developing countries like China and India.
The focus of this thesis is three-fold: a) to elaborate the differences between energy systems in (rapidly) developing countries and in industrialised countries, b) to adapt energy modelling approaches to improve their suitability for rapidly developing countries and c) to develop scenarios using these adapted models to simulate sustainable energy transitions for rapidly developing countries and to assess the implications of these energy transitions. The core of this research is to develop scenarios for sustainable energy transitions for China and India.
China and India are chosen, because they are currently considered the most rapidly developing countries, and thereby also the most energy-consuming, most climate-relevant and most economically-growing developing countries. Their development is expected to have global impacts. Implementing renewable and clean energy sources in these countries is likely to mitigate climate change. Three case studies are chosen for China and India which assess different levels and scales of energy transitions: national/regional, urban/rural and supply/demand. These three case studies are corresponding with current energy policy in China and India. A case study for Beijing was developed based on the local government's renewable energy target for 2020 and was performed in cooperation with Chinese researchers.
The sustainable energy technologies which are assessed in these case studies are renewable energy sources coming from the sun, wind, water, biomass and so-called "clean" energy technologies which emit less greenhouse gases than conventional coal and oil, such as nuclear energy, natural gas and more efficient fossil fuel technology. It has to be noted that the term "clean"energy actually describes less polluting energy, keeping in mind that there is no completely clean energy. Sustainable energy scenarios are compared to business-as-usual scenarios or baseline scenarios in which unsustainable fossil fuel technologies prevail as it is the case today in China and India. Energy models are specifically adapted in this thesis for the use in developing countries with a focus on the Chinese power sector, Beijing's economy and rural non-electrified India. These models take into account important characteristics and the level of detail needed to model the energy systems of the developing regions selected.

	Titlepages
	Preface
	Contents
	Chapter 1
	Chapter 2
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 7
	Summary
	Samenvatting
	Zusammenfassung
	List of abbreviations
	References
	Complete thesis