Bacterial degradation of fluorinated compounds

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Fluorine was produced for the first time by Henri Moissan in 1886, for which he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1906. The unique properties of fluorine have led to the development of fluorine chemistry and numerous synthetic fluorinated compounds have been prepared and tested for different applications. The commercial use of organofluorine compounds has grown significantly during recent years, mainly because of increased uses in industrial, pharmaceutical and pest-control applications. It is estimated that the world market for fluorochemicals amounts to 11.6 billion dollars with an expected growth of 5 percent annually. The USA is the largest fluoroorganics market, followed by China (Baharatbook Market Research, 2004). The substitution of hydrochlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals for hydrofluorocarbons and the increased growth in fluorinated refrigerants and coatings will boost the demand for fluorochemicals in the coming years. Much of the usefulness of organofluorine compounds rests in their chemical stability and recalcitrance to biological degradation. Of all types of bonds in organic chemistry, the carbon-fluorine bond is the most inert and resistant to cleavage (Hiyama, 2000). Given the chemical inertness of fluorinated organics, their bioactivity persistence, it is important to understand their environmental fate and the mechanisms by which they can be degraded.

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