Recurrence of sickness absence : a longitudinal study

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Half of the employees with frequent episodes of sickness absence (4 times or more a year) or employees with long-term sickness absence (more than 6 weeks) had a long-term episode of sickness absence in the following 4 years, compared to a quarter of the employees with no previous frequent or long-term sickness absence (the reference group). 61% of the employees with frequent sickness absence had a recurrence, compared to 16% in the reference group. Moreover, employees with frequent episodes of sickness absence have a higher risk of work disability: 11% compared to 4% in the reference group. In employees with long-term sickness absence this risk is 26%. Risk groups are women, the elderly and employees with a lower salary. Employees with frequent or long-term sickness absence have a higher risk of leaving their employment: 26% compared to 19% in the reference group. Moreover, they more often leave their employment involuntarily, whereas employees in the reference group more often resign. Sickness absence due to mental disorders has a high risk of recurrence. The risk of sickness absence due to mental disorders is higher in women than in men, but both genders have similar recurrence risks. The health and work functioning of employees in the risk groups for long-term or recurrent sickness absence should be checked regularly. Employees who have been absent due to common mental disorders should be offered a relapse prevention consultation 3 months after they return to work, in order to prevent a recurrence. Monitoring should be continued for approximately 3 years, which is the period during which a recurrence usually takes place

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